The Artificial Life Roots of Artificial Intelligence

• Traditional AI focuses on higher-order cognitive activity like expert problem solving. • Subgroup stress embodied intelligence artificial life (also Bottom-Up AI, Animat approach, Behavior-based AI, Animal Robotics). • Aim of paper: review the approach and identify major unresolved issues. Delineating the field: The Subject Matter • The study of behavior. • Focus: what makes behavior intelligent and adaptive? How does behavior emerge? • Behavior: a regularity observed in the interaction between the characteristics and processes of a system and the characteristics and processes of an environment. • Intelligent behavior: maximizes preservation of the system in its environment.